In the past few years, enormous advances have been made in the cost, power, and ease of use of microcomputers. Approximately $1500 can buy a system with dual > 2GHz microprocessors, 2 GByte of memory, parallel and analog I/O ports, and 500 GByte of magnetic disk storage.

This course is intended for students who want to be able to use modern microcomputers for data acquisition, analysis, display, and control without delving into the details of a particular microprocessor, its bus protocol, or its native code. The laboratory exercises use the C programming language and cover instrumentation principles and techniques that are applicable to nearly all microcomputer systems. The microcomputer with a prototyping circuit board is also an excellent software/hardware development system for single board microprocessor projects.

Specifically, EE145M provides laboratory experience in interfacing microcomputers to external devices such as digital timers; analog to digital and digital to analog converters; temperature, force, and motion sensors, and display terminals. Many of the data analysis techniques covered in EECS 145B "Computer Applications in Biology and Medicine" are implemented in the C language on the microcomputer. Laboratory exercises include event timing, digital interfacing and handshaking, digital to analog and analog to digital conversion, sampling and digitization of waveforms, frequency aliasing and anti-aliasing filters, spectral leakage and waveform windowing, temperature sensing and control, fast Fourier transforms and frequency filtering, and the use of Fourier deconvolution to control a time-invariant linear system. Applications include laboratory instrumentation, data acquisition, process control, and biomedical electronics.

Each lab station has a PC microcomputer running the Windows operating system and real-time data acquisition and control circuits for event timing, sampling, storage, display, and control. In addition, a digital oscilloscope is used for viewing waveforms.

In performing the laboratory exercises, students will work in groups of 2. Please stay with the same lab partner throughout the semester. Two weeks after the scheduled date of the laboratory exercise, one lab partner will turn in to the TA a full lab report and the other lab partner will turn in to the TA only the answers to the question section. This will alternate so that by the end of the semester each lab partner will have written complete reports for five laboratory exercises and the answers to the question sections for the other five lab reports. (The lowest full lab report grade and the lowest question section grade will be dropped.) The full lab reports are expected to be complete technical reports understandable to an EECS upper division student who has not taken the course.

The two midterm exams and the final exam will not only cover the principles and techniques covered in the laboratory exercises and the class lectures, but will also pose problems that require new designs involving those principles and techniques.

2. EECS 145M Course Prerequisites, Goals, & Topics

Prerequisite Courses

§ EECS40

§ EECS20N

Prerequisite Circuit Building Skills

§ Experience in building simple circuits

§ Familiarity with TTL signals and logic circuits

Prerequisite Mathematical Knowledge

§ Integral and differential calculus

§ Fourier series expansions of periodic functions

§ Convolution of two functions

§ Inner products of functions and orthogonal functions

Prerequisite C Programming Skills

§ Use of printf, scanf

§ Opening files of arbitrary name, use of fprintf, fscanf

§ Loops and conditional tests

§ Operators for shifting and masking bits

§ Prototyping and defining functions

Goals

§ To use the C programming language, and digital and analog interfacing in an interactive, microcomputer environment

§ To learn to use digital timers, digital interfacing, and simple handshaking with expansion cards and external devices

§ To learn the principles of operation and use of D/A and A/D converters and build a data acquisition circuit

§ To learn to sample digital data, use anti-aliasing filters and windows, and perform the FFT

§ To learn to use digital filters, and digital control strategies for both linear and non-linear systems

§ To make programs and analog circuits work together (design and debugging)

§ To write clear, concise, informative laboratory reports

Topics

§ Representation of numbers in binary and 2's complement

§ Digital timers for measuring a time interval or for producing periodic pulses

§ Computing the sample mean, standard deviation, standard error of the mean

§ Using Student's t test to determine the statistical significance of the difference between two means

§ Use of the Edge-triggered D-type flip flop and tri-state buffer for binary I/O - circuit design & timing diagram

§ Design of buses (using registers and tri-state drivers) for connecting many binary sources to a single input port or for connecting many output ports to a single circuit- circuit design, handshaking, and timing diagram

§ Generalized handshaking protocol for binary input and output

§ D/A characteristics: transfer function, resolution, absolute error, linearity error, differential linearity error, power supply sensitivity, glitch area, settling time, slewing rate

§ D/A designs: Resistive ladder and R-2R

§ Sample and hold (S/H) amplifier circuit and characteristics

§ A/D characteristics: transfer function, resolution, absolute error, linearity error, differential linearity error, power supply sensitivity

§ Comparator w hysteresis, output vs. input

§ A/D designs and comparison of properties: tracking, dual slope, successive approximation, flash, half-flash, sigma-delta

§ Analog data acquisition circuit -S/H, A/D, input port, handshaking, timing diagram

§ S/H aperture and A/D conversion time limitations on fmax

§ Nyquist sampling rate and practical anti-aliasing filter limitations on fmax

§ Analog data acquisition control- software vs. hardware trigger; status poll vs. interrupts vs. dedicated memory

§ Aliasing in the time domain- apparent frequency vs. true frequency for a particular sampling rate

§ Integral Fourier transforms of the delta function, sine, cosine, rectangle pulse, triangle pulse, periodic delta functions

§ Fourier Convolution Theorem

§ Fourier transforms of periodic waveforms: rectangle and triangle

§ Relationship between periodic in time and discrete in frequency

§ The Fourier series expansion of a periodic waveform- the relationship between harmonic number, period, and frequency

§ The Fourier Frequency Convolution Theorem

§ Periodic sampling, aliasing in the frequency domain, the need to limit bandwidth of waveform before sampling

§ The discrete time Fourier transform

§ Sampling a bandlimited, periodic signal near its fundamental frequency to increase the effective sampling frequency (using aliasing to advantage)

§ If a waveform is periodic in time and sampled periodic in time, then integral Fourier Transform becomes the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)

§ DFT of periodic waveforms, significance of indices, magnitude, and phase

§ Spectral leakage and the use of the Hanning window

§ Why the Hanning window has more desirable spectral leakage than the rectangular window

§ FFT of the vowel sounds- a periodic impulse generator in a resonant cavity

§ Digital filters- IIR and FIR

§ Relationship between single stage, low pass digital and analog filters

§ Use of Fourier convolution theorem for real-time control of a linear, time-invariant system whose impulse response can be measured

§ General computer-based control system- design involving sensor, computer, actuator; output control behavior; on-off, proportional, and PID control strategies

§ RS-232, RS-422, IEEE-488, VME interfacing protocol and general characteristics

§ Data acquisition design relationships between maximum frequency, sampling rate, anti-aliasing filter, frequency resolution, number of samples needed, effect of spectral leakage and the Hanning window.

§ Measuring time variant Fourier amplitudes. The DFT as FIR and IIR digital filters.

3. Summary of Laboratory Exercises

Lab 3: Elementary interfacing of switches and lights to a parallel interface circuit. Use of the digital oscilloscope. Latching data onto D-type Flip-Flops. Use of STROBE PULSE and STATUS BIT protocol.

Lab 2: Initializing and reading digital timers, timing events, measuring human reaction times, computation of Student's t, determination of statistical difference between means.

Lab 2a: Optional variation of Lab 2 measuring ultrasonic pulse echo times instead of human reaction times

Lab 8: Use of a parallel output port and a digital to analog converter to generate static voltage levels under program control, measurement of the transfer characteristic, and least squares comparison with the ideal D/A characteristics. Generation of time-varying waveforms.

Lab 9: Construction of a data acquisition circuit, using a parallel input port, an analog to digital converter, and several logic chips. Sampling of static voltages, measurement of the transfer characteristics, and least squares comparison with the ideal A/D characteristics. Sampling of slow sine waves.

Lab 10: Use of an analog I/O plug-in board to sample sine, triangle, and square waves of various frequencies, to store the digital representation, and to recover the analog waveforms. Demonstration of aliasing and the conditions under which it occurs.

Lab 21: Use of an analog I/O plug-in board to sample sine, triangle, and square waves of various frequencies. Use of the anti-aliasing filter, windowing, computation of the Fast Fourier Transform, and display of the frequency amplitudes.

Lab 22: Sampling and Fast Fourier Transform of the human voice. Use of an instrumentation amplifier, anti-aliasing filter, and windowing. Storage and playback of the digital representation. Identification of the pattern of Fourier frequency amplitudes that permit identification of the vowel sounds, independent of speaker.

Lab 23: Real-time digital filters and their relationship to analog filters.

Lab 24a: Measuring the impulse response of a single-stage low pass filter and use of the Fourier deconvolution theorem to derive the digital compensation filter

Lab 24b Demonstration that if a waveform is first preprocessed by the digital filter derived in Lab 24a and then sent through a single-stage low pass filter, the result is similar to the original waveform

Lab 26: Use of a thermistor bridge, instrumentation amplifier, analog input and output ports, a power amplifier, and a resistor to control the temperature inside a small oven. Exploration and comparison of several control algorithms. (2 weeks optional in place of 24a and 24b).

4. Schedule

Lectures: 247 Cory Hall

Mon and Wed 1:10-2:00 pm

Laboratory sessions: 125 Cory Hall

three sessions to be determined

Week 1 Lectures

Jan 19 Wed

§ Course Organization

Week 1 Labs

§ None

Week 1 Reading Assignments

§ This handout, especially sections 4-9

§ Microcomputers, Chapter 1.1 and 1.2

§ Number systems, Chapter 1.3

§ Appendix C, C Programming Tips

§ Lab Exercise 3, Digital Interfacing: Switches and lights

§ Appendix I- ASCII Character Codes (for your information only)

§ Appendix J- Glossary (check the meaning of unfamiliar technical terms)

Week 2 Lectures

Jan 24 Mon

§ Computers, bits and numbers

§ Counters and timers

§ Lab 3- Switches and lights

§ The Gaussian distribution

§ Introductory statistics

Jan 26 Wed

§ Student's t

Week 2 Labs

§ Lab 3 (Digital I/O, switches and lights)

Week 2 Reading Assignments

§ Digital Building Blocks, Chapter 1.4

§ Digital Counter/Timers, Chapter 1.5

§ Lab Exercise 2 or 2a, Measuring Event Times

§ Gaussian Distributions, Chapter 5.1 and 5.2

§ Student's t Test, Chapter 5.3 (except 5.3.4)

Week 3 Lectures

Jan 31 Mon

§ Digital building blocks

§ Digital output and handshaking

Feb 2

§ Digital input and handshaking

§ Lab 2- Event timing

Week 3 Labs

§ Lab 2 (Event timing)

Week 3 Reading Assignments

§ Parallel and Serial Input/Output Ports, Chapter 1.6

§ Switch Debouncing, Chapter 1.8

§ Appendix E.1-E.3, E.6: Data Translation DT3010 data acquisition board- digital interface

§ Appendix A- grounding and shielding

§ 74LS244 Octal Buffer/Line Driver (Data sheets from www.fairchild.com)

§ BCD to 7-segment Decoder/Driver (Data sheets from www.fairchild.com)

§ 7-segment LED display (Data Sheets from Hewlett Packard)

§ 74LS373 Octal Latch and 74LS374 Octal D-type Flip-flop (Data Sheets from www.fairchild.com)

§ Appendix H- Standard Resistor and Capacitor Values (for your information only)

Week 4 Lectures

Feb 7 Mon

§ Digital I/O & Handshaking

Feb 9 Wed

§ D/A converters

Week 4 Labs

§ Lab 8 (D/A conversion) [Lab 3 due]

Week 4 Reading Assignments

§ Summing Amplifier (Chapter 2.2.6)

§ Introduction (Chapter 3.1)

§ D/A Converter Circuits (Chapter 3.2)

§ Lab Exercise 8, D/A Conversion and Waveform Generation

§ DAC0802 8-bit D/A Converter (Data Sheets from www.national.com)

Week 5 Lectures

Feb 14 Mon

§ Review for MIDTERM #1

Feb 16 Wed

§ MIDTERM #1

Week 5 Labs

§ Makeup labs [no labs due- study for midterm]

Week 5 Reading Assignments

§ A/D Converter Circuits (Chapter 3.3)

§ The Sample-and-Hold Amplifier (Chapter 3.4)

§ ADC0820B 8-bit A/D Converter (Data Sheets from www.national.com)

§ Digital Data-Acquisition Procedures (Chapter 1.7)

§ Sampling Analog Waveforms (Chapter 3.5)

Week 6 Lectures

Feb 21 Mon

§ PRESIDENTS' DAY HOLIDAY

Feb 23 Wed

§ A/D converters

Week 6 Labs

§ Lab 9 (A/D conversion) [lab 2 due]

Week 6 Reading Assignments

§ Frequency Aliasing (Chapter 3.6)

§ Appendix E.4-E.5, Data Translation DT3010 data acquisition board- analog interface

§ Lab Exercise 9, A/D Conversion and Periodic Sampling

§ Previous Midterm #1 exams and solutions (see links in section 12 below)

Week 7 Lectures

Feb 28 Mon

§ Sample-and-hold

Mar 2 Wed

§ Periodic sampling

§ Pulse height spectroscopy

§ Aliasing

Week 7 Labs

§ Lab 10 (Aliasing) Mar [Lab 8 due]

Week 7 Reading Assignments

§ Lab Exercise 10, Frequency Aliasing

§ The Integral Fourier Transform (Chapter 5.8.1)

§ Fourier Transform of Periodic Waveforms (Chapter 5.8.2)

§ Fourier Transform of a Periodically Sampled Time Function (Chapter 5.8.3)

§ Using Aliasing to Advantage- the Sampling Oscilloscope (Chapter 5.8.4)

§ The Fast Fourier Transform (Chapter 5.8.7)

§ Use of the Fast Fourier Transform and Windowing (Chapter 5.8.8)

Week 8 Lectures

Mar 7 Mon

§ Introduction to Fourier transforms

Mar 9 Wed

§ The Integral Fourier transform

Week 8 Labs

§ Lab 21 (FFT of periodic data) [Lab 9 due]

Week 8 Reading Assignments

§ Summary of Sampling System Design Factors (Chapter 5.8.9)

§ Lab Exercise 21, Fast Fourier Transforms of Sampled Data

§ Using Aliasing to Advantage- the Sampling Oscilloscope (Chapter 5.8.4)

§ Fourier Transform of a Truncated Time Function (Chapter 5.8.5)

§ Appendix D.2, Fast Fourier Transform C Program Code (for your information only)

Week 9 Lectures

Mar 14 Mon

§ Transforms of periodic waveforms

§ Sampling and aliasing

Mar 16 Wed

§ Windowing and spectral leakage

Week 9 Labs

§ Lab 22 (FFT of the voice) [Lab 10 due]

Week 9 Reading Assignments

§ Fourier Transform of a Periodic Time Function periodically Sampled- The Discrete Fourier Transform (Chapter 5.8.6)

§ Digital Filters (Chapter 5.9)

§ High-Order Low-Pass Filters (Chapter 2.6.6, especially the Butterworth Filter and the EXAMPLE at the end of the section)

§ Lab Exercise 22, Fast Fourier Transforms of the Human Voice

Mar 21-25 SPRING RECESS

Week 10 Lectures

Mar 28 Mon

§ DFT and FFT

Mar 30 Wed

§ Digital filters

Week 10 Labs

§ Lab 23 (Digital filters) [Lab 21 due]

Week 10 Reading Assignments

§ Lab Exercise 23, Digital Filtering

§ Fourier Control (Chapter 5.10.1)

§ Control Techniques (Chapter 5.10.2 to 5.10.9)

§ Temperature Control Using the Computer and a Resistive Heater (Lab Exercise 26)

§ Temperature Transducers (Chapter 4.3- for those doing Lab Exercise 26)

§ The Power Amplifier (Chapter 2.7- for those doing Lab Exercise 26)

§ LM12 Power Op-Amp (Data sheets from www.nnational.com)

Week 11 Lecture

Apr 4 Mon

§ Control

Apr 6 Wed

§ Sigma-delta A/D and D/A converters

Week 11 Labs

§ Lab 24a (FFT control) [Lab 22 due]

Week 11 Reading Assignments

§ Least squares fitting (Chapter 5.4)

§ Solving f(x) = 0 (Chapter 5.6.1 and 5.6.2)

§ Monte Carlo Simulation (Chapter 5.7)

Week 12 Lectures

Apr 11 Mon

§ Review for Midterm

Apr 13 Wed

§ MIDTERM #2

Week 12 Labs

§ Makeup lab [no labs due- study for midterm]

Week 12 Reading Assignments

§ Lab Exercise 24, Process compensation using Fourier deconvolution and digital filtering

§ Previous Midterm #2 exams and solutions

Week 13 Lectures

Apr 18 Mon

§ Control of non-linear systems

Apr 20 Wed

§ Data analysis

Week 13 Labs

§ Lab 24b (FFT control) [Lab 23 due]

§ or Lab 26 (Temperature control continued- 2 week lab)

Week 13 Reading Assignments

§ Digital Interfacing Standards (Chapter 1.9)

Week 14 Lectures

Apr 25 Mon Interfacing techniques

Apr 27 Wed Interfacing standards

Week 14 Labs

§ Makeup lab [Lab 24a due]

Week 14 Reading Assignments

§ Review of topics covered, this syllabus, section 2

§ Previous Final Exams and solutions (see links in section 12 below)

Week 15 Lectures (Review)

May 2 Mon

§ Design Tips

May 4 Wed

§ Design problem examples

Week 15 Labs

§ Makeup lab (if needed) [Lab 24b or Lab 26 due]

May 10 Tue 8-11 am FINAL EXAM

5. Course Textbooks

Required:

Stephen E. Derenzo, Practical Interfacing for the Laboratory, Cambridge University Press edition, 2003. Purchase from ASUC bookstore or Amazon.com

Data sheets from www.fairchildsemi.com:

§ 74LS373/74LS374 Octal latch and D-type flip-flop

§ 74LS244 Octal buffer/line driver

§ 74LS47 BCD to 7-segment decoder/driver

Data sheets from www.national.com

§ ADC0820 8-bit A/D converter

§ DAC0802 8-bit D/A converter

§ LF356 monolithic JFET operational amplifier

§ LM12 80-W op amp

Data sheets from www.analog.com

§ ADC622 instrumentation amplifier

6. Grading Policy

40% - Four full written lab reports (including question, raw data, and code sections) from each student, due according to the course schedule on the last page (five are assigned- lowest grade dropped). Lab partners will write full reports for alternate laboratory exercises.

10% - Four short written lab reports (only question, raw data, and code sections) from each student, due according to the course schedule on the last page (five are assigned- lowest grade dropped). Lab partners will write short reports for alternate laboratory exercises.

10% - Laboratory attendance and participation (as observed by TA)

20% - Two midterm written examinations (closed book, in class)

20% - Final written examination (closed book, exam group 20)

Standards for laboratory participation grades are as follows (max 100):

100 for excellent effort beyond the call of duty

90 for putting in the required time and affort

80 for attending but doing less than a fair share of the lab work

<80 as fits the situation

For both full and short reports, three points will be deducted for each school day late (no deductions for weekends or holidays). No credit for lab reports turned after the graded reports have been handed back to the students (usually 1-2 weeks after they are due).

The two midterm exams and the final exam include design problems that require the student to apply the principles learned in the laboratory exercises and lectures to new design situations.

Final letter grades are determined from the total course scores of the undergraduate students only. Then the graduate student letter grades are determined using the same standard. Otherwise, the graduate students taking the course (who generally have better numerical scores) would cause all students to get lower letter grades.

Final letter grades are determined using the following guidelines:

1) Undergraduate grade average 2.9.

2) Each letter grade (A, A-, B+, B, B-, etc.) is assigned to approximately equal numerical bands of total course scores.

7. Lab Report Format and Style

Both full and short lab reports are to be prepared on 8.5 x 11 inch paper stapled together, including the raw data (or a copy). It is not necessary to use a bound notebook to record your lab data or write your lab report. For each laboratory exercise, one lab partner will prepare a full written lab report (including the question section) and the other lab partner will prepare a short written lab report (question section only). This pattern will alternate for each laboratory exercise so that each student will prepare five full written lab reports their lab partner will prepare five different full lab reports.

Throughout your professional career you will be required to write internal reports, papers for research journals, proposals, grant applications, etc. To prepare you for these tasks, one of the purposes of this course to improve your skills in the area of written technical communication.

On the first page of your report, write (1) your name (identified as the author), (2) lab section day and time, (3) lab station number, and (4) the name of your lab partner. Three points will be deducted if this information is not present. To make your report easier to grade, number all parts to correspond to the numbering scheme in the text.

Each full laboratory report will be graded on the basis of 100 points and each short laboratory report will be graded on the basis of 25 points. If you want to know how many points were deducted from each section, also include a table with entries for set-up, data and program, analysis, discussion, questions, clarity, and total grade. At the end of the semester, the lowest full lab report and short lab report grades will be dropped.

Following are the major lab report sections (100 points total):

Lateness: Three points deducted for each school day late. Saturdays, Sundays, the Spring break, and holidays do not count.

Set-up: A simple block diagram of the experimental setup you used with all essential equipment labeled. (For example, if the keyboard was used, include it in the diagram.) A photocopy of the appropriate diagrams from the course book could be included, with any modifications that you made to do the lab exercise.

Procedure and Data Summary: A clear presentation of your data and how you took it for each procedure section, with uncertainties, as you would find in a published technical journal article. (The "Raw Data" section below would be complete, but need not be as clear or as organized.) Any special or unusual experimental circumstances should be mentioned. This section should contain all the information specified in the Practical Interfacing textbook and required for the Analysis section without requiring reference to the "Raw Data" section.

Analysis: A clear description of how you analyzed the data and the results of your analysis. Include typical error propagation from raw measurements to analyzed quantities. In almost all cases the description will refer to tables and graphs. Remember to label the axes of all graphs with numbers and units, and provide a short title for each graph. Whenever possible, compare the analyzed results with numerical expectations. Reference background material, (e.g. equations from the textbook or numbers from manufacturers data sheets) as appropriate.

Discussion and Conclusions: Draw conclusions from your observations, data, and analysis. This section should total at least 500 words (1 page single space typed, 2 pages handwritten) and address the following points:

1) The principles demonstrated in each procedure section. Often this only requires stating what is obvious to you, but not necessarily obvious to a colleague reading your report who has not done the laboratory exercise.

2) Compare the results of different procedure sections (whenever appropriate)

3) Compare your observations to what you would expect. (Why did you observe what you did?) If a mathematical model is used to describe the behavior of the system, describe how well it agreed with your measurements and give possible reasons for any disagreement.

4) Discuss general situations where the principles and techniques demonstrated in the laboratory exercise could be used.

5) Discuss the major components used in the laboratory exercise and the role each played.

6) Discuss limitations of the laboratory exercise and how they can be reduced by changing the method or the equipment.

Questions: (25 points) Answer all questions posed in the Practical Interfacing textbook. Any questions answered in the body of the report can be referred to by section number.

Raw Data and Program Listings: Notes and data taken in ink during the laboratory exercise and the source of the manually taken data for the "Data Summary" section (equivalent to a laboratory "log book"). If you make an error, draw a single line through it. Processed data presented as raw data is a misrepresentation. Special experimental circumstances should be noted on these sheets during the lab period. Include computer printout of raw data and program listings. Include estimates of experimental uncertainties in your raw measurements. If your program performs data analysis, print the results in a separate section of the output that can be pasted into the analysis section of your report.

Clarity of organization; neatness: Your finished report should be clear and understandable to your professional colleagues (in your case the average upper division EE student who has not taken 145M). Use numbered section and sub-section headings (as suggested in the Practical Interfacing textbook) so that your grader can keep track of the organization. Provide a short title for each figure so the reader knows what is being presented without having to read the entire report. Although many students prepare their reports on word processors and laser printers, the same material written by hand will get the same grade, provided that it can easily be read. (If your handwriting is difficult to read, learn to print!) All computer printout should be cut to 8.5 x 11 inches and attached so that it can be read as easily as any other page.

If you want to know how many points were deducted from each section, also include a table with entries for lateness, set-up, analysis, discussion, questions, clarity, and total grade.

IMPORTANT NOTES:

Photocopy your lab report before you turn it in. The typical lab report is 15 pages and the copy centers around campus charge about $0.05 per page - $0.75 is good insurance against a lost lab report. We will not excuse a lost lab report.

To turn in late lab reports, ask the instructor or the staff in 231 Cory to date and sign the lab report- then if possible, deliver it to the TA.

If you cannot get the lab exercise to work after two lab sessions, get the data from another lab group and note it in your lab report. It is better to take a small point deduction than to fall behind in your lab work.

8. EECS Teaching Lab Rules

TAs should know location of nearest phone and have emergency phone numbers. TA should also know fire exits and safety regulations necessary for the particular lab.

No eating or drinking in lab at any time. Lab must be left clean and orderly after each session.

TA is responsible for lab and must be present during scheduled lab hours.

TA is responsible for obtaining all keys and lock combinations needed before lab begins.

TA is expected to know how to operate lab equipment and to make sure that students know how to operate equipment safely. TA must also prevent students from damaging equipment through misuse or misunderstanding of how equipment is to be operated.

TA will make sure all equipment and any materials for a given lab are available and functioning properly at least a week before the students run the lab, allowing for any necessary repair, replacement, or replenishment.

TA is expected to verify equipment or component failure (not just incorrect usage) before reporting it as such. Such should be reported in the Log Book, which will be checked at least once a day by the ESG (Electronic Support Group).

Only the faculty or the TA may request parts from ESG. If parts are needed during the semester, parts shall be requested using a specific written list, allowing adequate time to obtain such.

TA will be responsible for checking out certain parts, tools, and some equipment (e.g., probes, diskettes). TA will be responsible for seeing that these items are returned and properly secured.

Any defective or damaged parts must be returned to the "damaged parts" box in the lab, not thrown away.

IN THE EVENT OF A MEDICAL EMERGENCY

9-911 from a campus telephone

911 from a public telephone

(see http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/department/emergency/coryemergency.html#notify for Cory Hall emergency procedures)

Laboratory Equipment Use Warnings

Use coaxial cables (the black cables with silver twist-lock ends) for signals only- the center conductor is too fine to carry amperes of current. Use the wires with banana plugs for connecting power and ground to your circuit boards.

Observe the polarity of electrolytic capacitors. When connected backwards, they may explode.

One of the banana plugs on your circuit boards (usually the green one) is connected to the metal base plate. Connect the power supply grounds and your circuit grounds to this plug.

9. EECS 145M Course Responsibilities

INSTRUCTOR

§ Design the laboratory exercises

§ Author the course textbook

§ Give Mon, Wed lectures

§ Attend office hours (Mon, Tue, Wed) and meet with students as needed

§ Provide rapid response to e-mail questions

§ Prepare and grade two midterm and one final examinations

§ Combine all course scores and assign each student a letter grade

ELECTRONIC SUPPORT GROUP (ESG)

§ Provide all necessary hardware and software, and understand the technical requirements of each laboratory exercise

§ Visit each laboratory session; discuss the progress of the current laboratory exercise and the needs of upcoming exercises with the TAs

§ Check the trouble book and fix problems

§ Control the computerized door lock and alarm system

TEACHING ASSOCIATE (TA)

§ Assign students to specific lab sessions

§ Make sure that necessary parts and equipment are available and working one week before the scheduled lab session

§ Provide electronics parts to students so they can build their circuits before the lab session

§ Verify equipment and parts failure and report to ESG in person or via the log book

§ Unlock doors and cabinets as needed

§ Attend all lab sessions and assist students as needed

§ Instruct students on the safe and proper use of the equipment and any special procedures to be followed in each lab exercise

§ Clear and secure the teaching lab at the end of each scheduled session

§ Receive and grade all lab reports and question sections

§ Answer students' questions about course content and lab report preparation

§ Assign each student a "lab participation" grade

§ Help instructor prepare and grade midterms and final exam

LAB SITTERS

§ Decide on hours of service- check with TA on available hours

§ Fill out forms for card key, get signatures from Department and instructor, and make card key deposit

§ Notify class by e-mail whenever a lab sitter session must be missed

§ Clear out all 145M students, clean up, and lock cabinets before leaving

§ Lab sitters may use their time in the lab to work on any projects of their choosing

§ Lab sitters are not responsible for helping other students with their course work

STUDENTS

§ Keep your e-mail address on Bear Facts up to date

§ Purchase the course textbook

§ Print data sheets from manufacturers' websites as needed

§ Place a deposit with the TA in exchange for your circuit board and parts

§ Do the reading assignments and ask questions if anything is unclear

§ Arrive on time at your lab session. Do not make the TA repeat the 5-10 min lecture explaining the parts and equipment to be used for the laboratory exercise, or any last minute changes.

§ Report all suspected equipment and parts failures to the TA

§ Cooperate with the TA and lab sitters. When your time is up, clear out without complaining.

§ Actively participate in all phases of the laboratory exercise.

§ Turn in 5 complete lab reports and 5 question sections (lowest grade of each dropped).

§ (Students may freely discuss data taken in the laboratory, methods of analysis, and answers to questions but will not collaborate on the writing phase of their laboratory reports. Any data used in a laboratory report taken by another lab group should must be so noted.)

§ Take two midterms and one final exam

§ (During these exams, students will sit directly behind each other with a vacant seat to each side. Students should consciously avoid even giving the appearance of looking at another's paper.)

§ See the TA or instructor if you need course-related parts as students are not permitted to charge parts to the 145M account.

10. Laboratory Equipment and Parts

§ Each lab group needs to leave a deposit for their superstrip board and parts with the TA. This can be in the form of one or two checks to the Regents of the University of California. The checks will be returned at the end of the semester in exchange for the board and parts.

§ USB flash drive to back up your programs. Hard disks have been known to crash at the worst possible time!

§ Purchase solid #20 or #22 gauge single strand wire for making connections on the superstrip boards. Note that #18 wire is too thick and #24 is too thin for reliable contact on well-used superstrips.

Purchase a SMALL SCREWDRIVER for use in the lab. Very important for adjusting trimpots and difficult for us

See the following for a detailed list of required equipment and parts for each Laboratory Exercise.

Equipment at each Lab Station

§ Pentium PC (used for all laboratory exercises)

§ Analog and digital data acquisition and control circuit

§ Counter/timer circuit

§ Laserprinter (shared with other lab stations)

§ Waveform generator

§ HP 54600B digital oscilloscope

§ +/– 15 volt power supplies

§ + 5 volt power supply

§ high current supply

§ two digital multimeters

Equipment in the Steel Cabinets

§ One glass or dial thermometer (Lab 26)

§ Omega Corp. YSI 44004 thermistor (2252 ohms at 25C) (Lab 26)

§ One Cambion thermoelectric heat pump (Lab 26)

§ One 10-ml Pyrex beaker (Lab 26)

§ Three ceramic 15 ohm, 12 W resistors (act as long oven) (Lab 26)

§ LM12 power op-amp mounted on a large heat sink (Labs 22, 26)

§ small speaker (Lab 22)

§ microphone (Lab 22)

Circuit Board

§ Superstrip circuit boards mounted on a metal plate- four binding posts are provided: ground (connected to metal plate), +5 V, +12 V, -12 V

Circuit Components

Note: Components are not required for Labs 1, 2, and 10

Lab Exercise: 3 8 9 21 22 23 24 26

DIP unit of 8 switches 1

Light emitting diodes 8

small speaker

74LS47(1) 1

7 segment LED (2) 1

LF356A op-amp 1 2 4 1 1

LH0036 or AD625 (3) 1 1

74LS374 (4) 1

74LS244 octal buffer 1

DAC0802 D/A converter 1

ADC0820B A/D converter 1

(1) BCD to 7 segment decoder (low output means lit segment)

(2) common anode for open collector inputs

(3) Instrumentation amplifier

(4) Octal edge-triggered D-type flip flop

Resistors (trimpots)

Lab Exercise: 3 8 9 21 22 23 24 26

1 kohm 1

3.3 kohm 1* 2*

20 kohm 2 4 1 1 3*

33 kohm 1* 2*

50 kohm 1

100 kohm 1* 2*

* if using the LH0036 instrumentation amplifier

Resistors (10% carbon)

Lab Exercise: 3 8 9 21 22 23 24 26

100 ohm 2 1

330 ohm 8

390 ohm 1**

510 ohm 1*

1 kohm 1 1

2.4 kohm 1

3.9 kohm 1** 2**

4.3 kohm

5.1 kohm 4 4 5 2*

10 kohm 1

20 kohm 2** 1 4**

51 kohm 1 1

100 kohm 1

* if using the LH0036 instrumentation amplifier

** if using the AD625 instrumentation amplifier

Capacitors

Lab Exercise: 3 8 9 21 22 23 24 26

10 uF electrolytic* 1 3 4 2 3 2 2 4

0.1 uF CK05** 3 5 10 4 6 2 3

0.01 uF 1

560 pF 1 1

1000 pF 1 1

1200 pF 2 2

1800 pF 1 1

4700 pF 1 1

5600 pF 1 1

0.015 uF 1 1

*Power filtering- mount 3 on binding posts of your circuit board

**Power filtering- place between Vcc and ground at all integrated circuit chips

11. Advice to the Student

§ When you get your deposit bag, compare its contents with the list of equipment needed for the various labs. If an item is missing, report it to the TA as soon as possible. You may have to pay for any items 'lost' after the semester has started.

§ Come to the lectures. While almost all of the important topics are covered in the Practical Interfacing textbook, the lectures provide a different presentation, allow you to ask questions, and usually include important announcements and handouts regarding the laboratory exercises, mid-term, final exam, etc. In past years, we have noticed that students who skip lectures seem to learn less about theory and design, and generally fall below average on the mid-term and final exams. (Note: without the lecture and exam component, 145M would only be a 'cook-book' 1 unit course.)

§ If you miss a lecture, extra copies of the class handouts may be found in the plastic holder mounted on my 463 Cory office door.

§ When in doubt, ask questions. Talk to the TA in lab, the instructor during office hours, or send e-mail to either. In particular, if any portion of a lecture, or lab exercise instructions, or the Practical Interfacing textbook are unclear, bring it up for your benefit and the benefit of future students.

§ Keep this printout, class handouts and graded lab reports together in a ring binder. By doing this, the class schedule, lab report due dates, where to turn in late reports, and other useful information are kept handy. Also, this binder, the Practical Interfacing textbook, and the data sheets from the manufactures' websites are what you need to study for the midterm and final exams.

§ Take out 'insurance' on your lab reports by making a photocopy before turning it in. We have to keep track of about 150 lab reports during the semester and occasionally one gets misplaced.

§ Make efficient use of your limited lab time. Whenever possible, wire your circuit boards and write your programs before your scheduled lab session.

§ From one laboratory exercise to another, take turns with your lab partner wiring the circuit, and writing and debugging the programs. If you only do one job, you are not learning all you can.

§ Before trying to run the lab exercise, have the 'circuit builder' look over the program, and have the 'programmer' look over the circuit connections. New eyes might quickly spot problems that could take an hour to debug. A continuity checker (available at stores such as Radio Shack) is also useful for checking wiring.

§ Even so, do not be discouraged if things do not work the first time - they seldom do! Systematically check all inputs and outputs from one end of the circuit to the other. One of the most important 'crafts' you can learn from a laboratory course is how to make things work.

§ When studying for the midterm and final exams, review the past final exams and solutions for 145M on the class home page (Adobe Acrobat .pdf format).

12. EECS 145M Final Exams and Solutions

The following files can be read with the Adobe Acrobat Reader, which can be downloaded free from the Adobe Systems Incorporated Home Page

145M equation sheet (handed out before exams)

EECS 145M Spring 1990 final exam

EECS 145M Spring 1990 final exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1991 final exam

EECS 145M Spring 1991 final exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1992 final exam

EECS 145M Spring 1992 final exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1993 final exam

EECS 145M Spring 1993 final exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1994 final exam

EECS 145M Spring 1994 final exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1995 final exam

EECS 145M Spring 1995 final exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1996 Midterm #1

EECS 145M Spring 1996 Midterm #1 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1996 Midterm #2

EECS 145M Spring 1996 Midterm #2 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1996 final exam

EECS 145M Spring 1996 final exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1997 Midterm #1

EECS 145M Spring 1997 Midterm #1 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1997 Midterm #2

EECS 145M Spring 1997 Midterm #2 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1997 final exam

EECS 145M Spring 1997 final exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1998 Midterm #1

EECS 145M Spring 1998 Midterm #1 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1998 Midterm #2

EECS 145M Spring 1998 Midterm #2 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1998 Final exam

EECS 145M Spring 1998 Final exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1999 Midterm #1

EECS 145M Spring 1999 Midterm #1 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1999 Midterm #2

EECS 145M Spring 1999 Midterm #2 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 1999 Final exam

EECS 145M Spring 1999 Final exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2000 Midterm #1

EECS 145M Spring 2000 Midterm #1 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2000 Midterm #2

EECS 145M Spring 2000 Midterm #2 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2000 Final exam

EECS 145M Spring 2000 Final exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2001 Midterm #1

EECS 145M Spring 2001 Midterm #1 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2001 Midterm #2

EECS 145M Spring 2001 Midterm #2 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2001 Final Exam

EECS 145M Spring 2001 Final exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2002 Midterm #1

EECS 145M Spring 2002 Midterm #1 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2002 Midterm #2

EECS 145M Spring 2002 Midterm #2 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2002 Final Exam

EECS 145M Spring 2002 Final exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2003 Midterm #1

EECS 145M Spring 2003 Midterm #1 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2003 Midterm #2

EECS 145M Spring 2003 Midterm #2 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2003 Final Exam

EECS 145M Spring 2003 Final exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2004 Midterm #1

EECS 145M Spring 2004 Midterm #1 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2004 Midterm #2

EECS 145M Spring 2004 Midterm #2 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2004 Final Exam

EECS 145M Spring 2004 Final exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2005 Midterm #1

EECS 145M Spring 2005 Midterm #1 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2005 Midterm #2

EECS 145M Spring 2005 Midterm #2 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2005 Final Exam

EECS 145M Spring 2005 Final Exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2006 Midterm #1

EECS 145M Spring 2006 Midterm #1 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2006 Midterm #2

EECS 145M Spring 2006 Midterm #2 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2006 Final Exam

EECS 145M Spring 2006 Final Exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2008 Midterm #1

EECS 145M Spring 2008 Midterm #1 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2008 Midterm #2

EECS 145M Spring 2008 Midterm #2 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2008 Final Exam

EECS 145M Spring 2008 Final Exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2009 Midterm #1

EECS 145M Spring 2009 Midterm #1 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2009 Midterm #2

EECS 145M Spring 2009 Midterm #2 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2009 Final Exam

EECS 145M Spring 2009 Final Exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2010 Midterm #1

EECS 145M Spring 2010 Midterm #1 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2010 Midterm #2

EECS 145M Spring 2010 Midterm #2 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2010 Final Exam

EECS 145M Spring 2010 Final Exam solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2011 Midterm #1

EECS 145M Spring 2011 Midterm #1 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2011 Midterm #2

EECS 145M Spring 2011 Midterm #2 solutions

EECS 145M Spring 2011 Final Exam

EECS 145M Spring 2011 Final Exam solutions

13. Related Courses

EECS 20N: STRUCTURE AND INTERPRETATION OF SYSTEMS AND SIGNALS. Hands-on introduction to discrete real-time systems for audio and image processing. Sinusoids, filtering, use of superposition, sampling and quantization artifacts. Workstation simulation of tone generation and detection, voice and video processing, and image processing. Real-time processing of tones, audio, and music using programmable digital signal processors (PREREQUISITE FOR 145M).

EECS 40: INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. Passive circuit analysis, analog building blocks and analog systems, digital building blocks and digital systems, semiconductor devices, electronic circuits (PREREQUISITE FOR 145M).

EECS 43: INTRODUCTORY ELECTRONICS LAB. Equipment and laboratory technique using the oscilloscope, power supplies, multimeter, curve tracer, spectrum analyzer, and LCR bridge.

ME 135: DESIGN OF MICROPROCESSOR-BASED MECHANICAL SYSTEMS. Use of microprocessors to control machine activities, acquire and analyze data, and interact with operators. The architecture of microprocessors is related to problems in mechanical systems through study of systems, including electro-mechanical components, thermal components, and a variety of instruments. Laboratory exercises lead through studies of different levels of software.

EECS 120: SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS. Continuous and discrete-time transform analysis techniques. Fourier series, Fourier transform, Z-transforms. Sampling theorem. Vector difference and differential equations. Frequency response, Bode and Nyquist plots. Stability analysis

EECS 120L: SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS LABORATORY. Hands-on experiments designed to provide physical examples for the theoretical concepts of 120.

EECS 123: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING. Discrete time signals and systems. Fourier and Z transforms, DFT, 2-dimensional versions, digital filter design methods, windowing.

EECS 125: INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS. An introduction to the kinematics, dynamics, and control of robot manipulators, robotic vision, sensing and the programming of robots. Proximity, tactile, and force sensing.

EECS 128: FEEDBACK CONTROL. Analysis and synthesis of continuous and sampled-data linear feedback control systems. Advantages of feedback. Design by root locus, frequency response, and state space methods, with a comparison of techniques. Case studies.

EECS 145A: SENSORS, ACTUATORS AND ELECTRODES (seldom offered). Fundamental principles related to the sources, measurements and significances of physiological parameters and variables. Covers a wide variety of transducers for light, heat, position, pressure, acceleration, radiation, ionic concentration and diffusion, medical imaging, etc. Mathematical modeling, signal to noise considerations.

EECS 145B: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. Use of digital computers for data analysis, including statistical significance of population differences, least squares and Chi squared fitting, Fast Fourier Transforms, Image theory, Computed Tomography (X-ray, SPECT, PET, and NMR). Field trips to medical research centers.

EECS 145L (FALL) TRANSDUCER INTERFACING LABORATORY. Laboratory Exercises using Electronic Transducers for the measurement of temperature, strain, force, position, angle, sound, light, biological potentials (EMG, ECG, EOG), etc. Op-amp circuits, feedback, Instrumentation amplifiers, analog signal processing, A/D and D/A conversion. Computer controlled data acquisition.

EECS 150: COMPONENTS AND DESIGN TECHNIQUES FOR DIGITAL SYSTEMS. Boolean logic and finite state machines. Standard digital building blocks from different logic families and drawing standards. Synchronous design, tristate and open collector busses.

EECS 192: MECHATRONC DESIGN LABORATORY. Design project course. Small teams of students design and build a small-scale system with sensors, actuators, and intelligence, such as a mobile robot.

ENGINEERING 190: TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION. Principles of technical communication. Organizing material; developing a clear, economical style; using proper formats and rhetorical strategies. Practice in oral presentations to technical and non-technical audiences.

Table of Contents

1. Course Summary

2. EECS 145M Course Prerequisites, Goals, & Topics

Prerequisite Courses

Prerequisite Circuit Building Skills

Prerequisite Mathematical Knowledge

Prerequisite C Programming Skills

Goals

Topics

3. Summary of Laboratory Exercises

4. Schedule

Week 1 Lectures

Week 1 Labs

Week 1 Reading Assignments

Week 2 Lectures

Week 2 Labs

Week 2 Reading Assignments

Week 3 Lectures

Week 3 Labs

Week 3 Reading Assignments

Week 4 Lectures

Week 4 Labs

Week 4 Reading Assignments

Week 5 Lectures

Week 5 Labs

Week 5 Reading Assignments

Week 6 Lectures

Week 6 Labs

Week 6 Reading Assignments

Week 7 Lectures

Week 7 Labs

Week 7 Reading Assignments

Week 8 Lectures

Week 8 Labs

Week 8 Reading Assignments

Week 9 Lectures

Week 9 Labs

Week 9 Reading Assignments

Mar 21-25 SPRING RECESS

Week 10 Lectures

Week 10 Labs

Week 10 Reading Assignments

Week 11 Lecture

Week 11 Labs

Week 11 Reading Assignments

Week 12 Lectures

Week 12 Labs

Week 12 Reading Assignments

Week 13 Lectures

Week 13 Labs

Week 13 Reading Assignments

Week 14 Lectures

Week 14 Labs

Week 14 Reading Assignments

Week 15 Lectures (Review)

Week 15 Labs

May 10 Tue 8-11 am FINAL EXAM

5. Course Textbooks

Required:

Data sheets from www.fairchildsemi.com:

Data sheets from www.national.com

Data sheets from www.analog.com

Recommended:

6. Grading Policy

Standards for laboratory participation grades are as follows (max 100):

7. Lab Report Format and Style

Following are the major lab report sections (100 points total):

8. EECS Teaching Lab Rules

9. EECS 145M Course Responsibilities

10. Laboratory Equipment and Parts

11. Advice to the Student

12. EECS 145M Final Exams and Solutions

13. Related Courses