University of California, Berkeley

College of Engineering

Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Department

Fall 2008

 

Table of Contents:

 

1. Course Summary

2. Course Prerequisites, Goals, and Topics

3. Summary of Laboratory Exercises

4. Schedule

5. Course Textbooks

6. Grading Policy

7. Lab Report Format and Style

8. EECS Teaching Lab Rules

9. EECS 145L Course Responsibilities

10. Laboratory Equipment and Parts

11. Using the Digital Oscilloscope to Record Waveforms

12. Advice to the Student

13. Exams and Solutions: 1988- 2007

14. Related Courses

EECS 145M (closely related course)

 

The URL for this EECS145L web site is

http://www.EECS.Berkeley.edu/~derenzo/145L.html (last update 2008.08.24)

 

 

 

For Macintosh OS9, click on HeartModel.OS9.sit and Stuffit Expander should automatically extract the program and place it on your desktop (uses 25 MB of memory)

 

For Macintosh OSX, click on HeartModel (Mac OSX)

 

For Windows, save HeartModel.exe (uses 25 MB of memory)

 

1. Course Summary

Instructors: Stephen E. Derenzo, Derenzo@eecs 486-4097

                  Qiyu Peng, qiyupeng@berkeley.edu

Lecture: Mon, Wed 1:00-2:00 247 Cory Hall

Office hours: Mon, 2:10-3:00; Wed 12:10-1:00 463 Cory

Teaching Laboratory 140 Cory Hall

Teaching Associate: Robert Kong, rkong@berkeley.edu

Three hours laboratory, two hours lecture per week. 3 units

Final Exam group 12: Wednesday, Dec 17, 5:00-8:00 pm

 

(University policy does not allow students to register for different courses in the same exam group)

 

First lecture Wed, Aug 27; first lab week of Sept 8

 

EECS145L provides practical design and laboratory experience with the electronic transducers (sensors and actuators) commonly used to measure and control temperature, displacement, force, sound, light, etc. Operational amplifiers, instrumentation amplifiers, and analog filtering are used to amplify and process the sensor signals before recording. A digital oscilloscope is used for observing waveforms and measuring voltages. Ag(AgCl) skin electrodes are used to record signals from the heart, skeletal muscles, and eyes. Applications include laboratory instrumentation, data acquisition, process control, and biomedical electronics.

 

Each lab station has a PC with the Windows operating system and software and digital osciloscope for sampling, storage, display, and printout of data values and plots. Computer programming is not required in this course.

 

In performing the laboratory exercises, students will work in groups of 2. Please stay with the same lab partner throughout the semester. Two weeks after the scheduled date of the laboratory exercise, one lab partner will turn in to the TA a full lab report and the other lab partner will turn in to the TA only the answers to the question section. This will alternate so that by the end of the semester each lab partner will have written complete reports for five laboratory exercises and the answers to the question sections for the other five lab reports. (The lowest full lab report grade and the lowest question section grade will be dropped.) The full lab reports are expected to be complete technical reports understandable to an EECS upper division student who has not taken the course.

 

The two midterm exams and the final exam will not only cover the principles and techniques covered in the laboratory exercises and the class lectures, but will also pose problems that require new designs involving those principles and techniques.

 

2. EECS 145L Course Prerequisites, Goals, and Topics

Prerequisites

(these topics are covered in EECS 40)

Goals

Topics  

 

3. Summary of Laboratory Exercises

 

Lab 4: Operational amplifier circuits, operation of the digital oscilloscope, effect of negative feedback, measurement of gain vs. frequency

 

Lab 5: Instrumentation amplifiers for high input impedance, high-gain, differential amplification. Sources of noise, gain vs. frequency, common mode rejection ratio

 

Lab 6: Op-Amp filter circuits: one pole low pass, Butterworth two pole low pass, one pole high pass, notch

 

Lab 7: Introduction to A/D and D/A conversion (limited to students who have not taken and do not plan to take 145M)

 

Lab 11: Measuring angular position, using the microcomputer for sampling and display

 

Lab 12: Measuring temperature, thermocouple, thermistor bridge, dynamic response

 

Lab 13: Measuring strain and force, foil strain gauges, one and four element bridges

 

Lab 14: Measuring light with a PIN photodiode, optical transmission using light emitting diodes to determine the concentration of a colored solution

 

Lab 15: Using a thermoelectric heat pump. Measuring thermal efficiency and heat transfer.

 

Lab 16: Electrodes and ionic media, impedance vs. frequency, contact potential, bare metal vs. Ag(AgCl) electrodes (not in operation)

 

Lab 17: The human heart: measurement of the electrocardiogram (ECG), phonocardiogram, and blood pressure at rest and after light exercise (under physician supervision).

 

Lab 18: Recording of the electromyogram (EMG) from the fore-arm muscles, using an isolation amplifier, full wave rectifier, and low-pass filtering. Correlation of this signal with the force produced by the corresponding fingers.

 

Lab 19: Using the electrooculogram (EOG) to measure eye movement. Smooth pursuit, saccades.

 

Lab 25: Temperature Control (Analog)- Temperature sensing using a thermistor bridge and an instrumentation amplifier. Temperature control using a difference amplifier, a power amplifier, and a ceramic resistor oven.

 

Ultrasonic Rangefinder Lab:   Test an ultrasonic rangefinder and explore its ability to measure the speed and attenuation of sound in air. Determine effective range, accuracy, and beam pattern.

 

4. Schedule

 

Lectures: 247 Cory Hall

Mon, Wed, Fri 1-2 pm

 

Laboratory sessions: 140 Cory Hall

TA and lab report grader: Robert Kong

 

 

Week 1

 

Aug 27  Wed    Course Organization

Sep   1  Mon    LABOR DAY HOLIDAY

Sep   3  Wed    Ideal and realistic op-amps  

           

Week 2

 

Sep   8  Mon   Op-amp properties and circuits

Sep 10  Wed   Negative feedback gain equations

Lab 4 (Op-amps)

 

Week 3

 

Sep 15  Mon   Instrumentation Amplifiers

Sep 17  Wed   Noise Sources, Shielding, Grounding

Lab 5 (Instrumentation amps)

 

Week 4

 

Sep 22  Mon    Analog Filtering, Op-Amp Filter Circuits

Sep 24  Wed    Angle and Position Sensors

Lab 6 (Analog filtering) [Lab 4 due]

 

Week 5

 

Sep 29  Mon    Data Acquisition with the Pentium PC (TA)

Oct   1  Wed    Review lecture

Lab 11 (Measuring angle)  [Lab 5 due]

 

Week 6

 

Oct  6  Mon    Review lecture

Oct  8  Wed    MIDTERM #1   

Make-up Labs   [study for Midterm, no labs due]

 

Week 7

 

Oct 13  Mon    A/D and D/A Conversion

Oct 15  Tue    Temperature Measurement

Lab 12 (Measuring temperature)*   [Lab 6 due]

á            students who can, please bring ice

 

Week 8

 

Oct 20  Mon    Strain Sensors

Oct 22  Wed    Measuring Force and Pressure

Lab 13 (Measuring force)    [Lab 11 due]

 

Week 9

 

Oct 27  Mon    Measuring Light

Oct 29  Wed    Light Sensors and Actuators

Lab 14 (Measuring light)   [Lab 12 due]

 

Week 10

 

Nov  3  Mon    Thermoelectric Heat Pump

Nov  5  Wed    Ionic Potentials and Electrodes

Lab 15 (Peltier) or 17 (Heart)   [Lab 13 due]

 

Week 11

 

Nov 10  Mon    Cardiac Signals (ECG, blood press, phonocardiogram)

Nov 12  Wed    Electrical Safety

Lab 18 (EMG) or 25 (Temp control) or C14 (Light control)   [Lab 14 due]

 (Nov 11  Tue    VETERANS DAY HOLIDAY)

 

Week 12

 

Nov 17  Mon    Review Lecture

Nov 19  Wed    MIDTERM #2

Make-up Labs   [study for Midterm, no labs due]

 

Week 13

 

Nov 24  Mon    EMG Signal Processing and Prosthetic Devices

Nov 26  Wed    Control Systems

Make-up Labs  [Lab 15 or 17 due]

 (Nov 23 and 24  Thu and Fri    THANKSGIVING DAY HOLIDAY)

 

Week 14

 

Dec   1  Mon    EOG Signals

Dec   3  Wed    Engineering Design Issues

Lab 19 (EOG) or 25 (Temp control) [Lab 18 or C14 due]

 

Week 15

 

Dec   8  Mon    Review for Final (Selected problems solved)

Dec 10  Wed    Last lecture (Review of topics covered)

Make-up Labs

 

Labs Closed after Dec 5   [Lab 19 or 25 due**]

        ** make arrangements to give to TA

 

FINAL EXAM Dec 17 Wednesday 5:00-8:00 pm

 

5. Course Textbooks 

Required:

Stephen E. Derenzo, Practical Interfacing for the Laboratory, Canbridge University Press edition, 2003. Purchase from ASUC or Amazon.com.

 

Data sheets from focus.ti.com (Texas Instruments)

Burr Brown 3656 isolation amplifier (look for technical documents as .pdf files)

 

Data sheets from www.national.com (National Semiconductor)

LF356 monolithic JFET operational amplifier

LF198 sample-and-hold amplifier

LM12 80-W op amp

 

Data sheets from www.analog.com (Analog Devices)

AD622 instrumentation amplifier

AD590 temperature transducer

 

Data sheets from www.hamamatsu.com (Hamamatsu Photonics)

S3071 PIN photodiode

C5658 avalanche photodiode module

 

Gauge catalog from www.blh.com (select "dowload gauge") (Vishay BLH)

Description of all strain gauge and resistor series

Technical data of all strain gauge and resistor series

 

Related Texts (not required):

Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill, The Art of Electronics, Cambridge University Press, Second Edition, 1989.

 

Glenn M. Glasford, Analog Electronic Circuits, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1986

 

Robert G. Irvine, Operational Amplifier Characteristics and Applications, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1981

 

George C. Barney, Intelligent Instrumentation, Prentice-Hall, 1985 or 1988

At ASUC bookstore

 

D.H. Sheingold, Transducer Interfacing Handbook, Analog Devices, Norwood, MA, 1981.

At ASUC bookstore.

 

Cobbold, Transducers for Biomedical Measurements, John Wiley & Sons, 1974

At ASUC Bookstore- required for EECS 145A

 

M. Rudd, Basic Concepts of Cardiovascular Physiology, Hewlett-Packard Co., Waltham MA (out of print).

 

6. Grading Policy 

 

40% - Four full written lab reports (including question section) from each student, due according to the course schedule on the last page (five are assigned- lowest grade dropped). Lab partners will write full reports for alternate laboratory exercises.

 

10% - Four short written lab reports (question section only) from each student, due according to the course schedule on the last page (five are assigned- lowest grade dropped). Lab partners will write short reports for alternate laboratory exercises.

 

10% - Laboratory attendance and participation (as observed by TA)

 

20% - Two midterm written examinations (closed book, in class)

 

20% - Final written examination (closed book, exam group 22)

 

Standards for laboratory participation grades are as follows (max 100):

100 for excellent effort beyond the call of duty

90 for putting in the required time and affort

80 for attending but doing significantly less than a fair share of the lab work

<80 as fits the situation

 

For both full and short reports, three points will be deducted for each school day late (no deductions for weekends or holidays). No credit for lab reports turned after the graded reports have been handed back to the students (usually 1-2 weeks after they are due).

 

The two midterm exams and the final exam include design problems that require the student to apply the principles learned in the laboratory exercises and lectures to new design situations.

 

Final letter grades are determined from the total course scores of the undergraduate students only. Then the graduate student letter grades are determined using the same standard. Otherwise, the graduate students taking the course (who generally have better numerical scores) would cause all students to get lower letter grades.

 

Return to table of contents

 

 

7. Lab Report Format and Style

 

Both full and short lab reports are to be prepared on 8.5 x 11 inch paper stapled together, including the raw data (or a copy). It is not necessary to use a bound notebook to record your lab data or write your lab report. For each laboratory exercise, one lab partner will prepare a full written lab report (including the question section) and the other lab partner will prepare a short written lab report (question section only). This pattern will alternate for each laboratory exercise so that each student will prepare five full written lab reports their lab partner will prepare five different full lab reports.

 

Throughout your professional career you will be required to write internal reports, papers for research journals, proposals, grant applications, etc. To prepare you for these tasks, one of the purposes of this course to improve your skills in the area of written technical communication.

 

On the first page of your report, write (1) your name (identified as the author), (2) lab section day and time, (3) lab station number, and (4) the name of your lab partner. Three points will be deducted if this information is not present. To make your report easier to grade, number all parts tro correspond to the numbering scheme in the text.

 

Each full laboratory report will be graded on the basis of 100 points and each short laboratory report will be graded on the basis of 25 points. If you want to know how many points were deducted from each section, also include a table with entries for set-up, data and program, analysis, discussion, questions, clarity, and total grade. At the end of the semester, the lowest full lab report and short lab report grades will be dropped.

Following are the major lab report sections (100 points total):

Lateness: Three points deducted for each school day late. Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays do not count.

 

Set-up: A simple block diagram of the experimental setup you used with all essential equipment labeled. A photocopy of the appropriate diagrams from the course book could be included, with any modifications that you made to do the lab exercise.

 

 

Procedure and Data Summary: A clear presentation of your data and how you took it for each procedure section, with uncertainties, as you would find in a published technical journal article. (The "Raw Data" section below would be complete, but need not be as clear or as organized.) Any special or unusual experimental circumstances should be mentioned. This section should contain all the information specified in the Course Reader and required for the Analysis section without requiring reference to the "Raw Data" section.

 

Analysis: A clear description of how you analyzed the data and the results of your analysis. Include typical error propagation from raw measurements to analyzed quantities. In almost all cases the description will refer to tables and graphs. Remember to label the axes of all graphs with numbers and units, and provide a short title for each graph. Whenever possible, compare the analyzed results with numerical expectations. Reference background material, (e.g. equations from the textbook or numbers from manufacturers data sheets) as appropriate.

 

Discussion and Conclusions: Draw conclusions from your observations, data, and analysis. This section should total at least 500 words (1 page single space typed, 2 pages handwritten) and address the following points:

 

1) The principles demonstrated in each procedure section. Often this only requires stating what is obvious to you, but not necessarily obvious to a colleague reading your report who has not done the laboratory exercise.

 

2) Compare the results of different procedure sections (whenever appropriate)

For example, in Laboratory Exercise 4 compare the bandwidth of the gain = 100 amplifiers with the unity gain buffer amplifier.

 

3) Compare your observations to what you would expect. (Why did you observe what you did?) If a mathematical model is used to describe the behavior of the system, describe how well it agreed with your measurements and give possible reasons for any disagreement.

 

 

4) Discuss general situations where the principles and techniques demonstrated in the laboratory exercise could be used.

 

For example, in Laboratory Exercise 15, discuss how the thermoelectric heat pump might be used in push-pull temperature control.

 

5) Discuss the major components used in the laboratory exercise and the role each played.

 

6) Discuss limitations of the laboratory exercise and how they can be reduced by changing the method or the equipment. For example, in Laboratory Exercise 11, discuss how the accuracy could be improved by using a digital rotary encoder. Or in Laboratory Exercise 15, discuss how the maximum and minimum equilibrium temperatures could be changed by using thermal insulation.

 

Questions: (25 points) Answer all questions posed in the course reader. Any questions answered in the body of the report can be referred to by section number.

 

Raw Data: Notes and data taken in ink during the laboratory exercise and the source of the manually taken data for the "Data Summary" section (equivalent to a laboratory "log book"). If you make an error, draw a single line through it. Processed data presented as raw data is a misrepresentation. Special experimental circumstances should be noted on these sheets during the lab period. Include any computer printout of raw data. Include estimates of experimental uncertainties in your raw measurements.

 

 

Clarity of organization; neatness: Your finished report should be clear and understandable to your professional colleagues (in your case the average upper division EE student who has not taken 145L). Use numbered section and sub-section headings (as suggested in the 145L Course Reader) so that your grader can keep track of the organization. Provide a short title for each figure so the reader knows what is being presented without having to read the entire report. Although many students prepare their reports on word processors and laser printers, the same material written by hand will get the same grade, provided that it can easily be read. (If your handwriting is difficult to read, learn to print!) All computer printout should be cut to 8.5 x 11 inches and attached so that it can be read as easily as any other page.

 

If you want to know how many points were deducted from each section, also include a table with entries for lateness, set-up, analysis, discussion, questions, clarity, and total grade.

IMPORTANT NOTES:

 

Photocopy your lab report before you turn it in. The typical lab report is 15 pages and the copy centers around campus charge about $0.08 per page - $1.20 is good insurance against a lost lab report. We will not excuse a lost lab report.

 

To turn in late lab reports, ask the instructor or the staff in 231 Cory to date and sign the lab report- then if possible, deliver it to the TA.

 

If you cannot get the lab exercise to work after two lab sessions, get the data from another lab group and note it in your lab report. It is better to take a small point deduction than to fall behind in your lab work.

 

8. EECS Teaching Lab Rules

 

Laboratory Equipment Use Warnings

 

9. EECS 145L Course Responsibilities

INSTRUCTOR

ELECTRONIC SUPPORT GROUP (ESG)